![]() These are explained in more detail in the following sections. The two commonly used protocols are HTTP request/response with resource APIs (when querying most of all), and lightweight asynchronous messaging when communicating updates across multiple microservices. But the microservices composing an end-to-end application are usually simply choreographed by using REST communications rather than complex protocols such as WS-* and flexible event-driven communications instead of centralized business-process-orchestrators. As explained earlier, each microservice owns its own data and its own domain logic. The microservice community promotes the philosophy of " smart endpoints and dumb pipes" This slogan encourages a design that's as decoupled as possible between microservices, and as cohesive as possible within a single microservice. Therefore, services must interact using an inter-process communication protocol such as HTTP, AMQP, or a binary protocol like TCP, depending on the nature of each service. Each service instance is typically a process. ![]() You can do this by grouping calls, and by returning data that aggregates the results of multiple internal calls, to the client.Ī microservices-based application is a distributed system running on multiple processes or services, usually even across multiple servers or hosts. You then use asynchronous communication between the internal microservices and replace fine-grained communication that's typical in intra-process communication between objects with coarser-grained communication. One solution involves isolating the business microservices as much as possible. The challenges of designing distributed system properly are well enough known that there's even a canon known as the Fallacies of distributed computing that lists assumptions that developers often make when moving from monolithic to distributed designs. ![]() ![]() A direct conversion from in-process method calls into RPC calls to services will cause a chatty and not efficient communication that won't perform well in distributed environments. The biggest challenge when changing from a monolithic application to a microservices-based application lies in changing the communication mechanism. Either way, the objects are running within the same process. These can be strongly coupled if you're creating objects with code (for example, new ClassName()), or can be invoked in a decoupled way if you're using Dependency Injection by referencing abstractions rather than concrete object instances. In a monolithic application running on a single process, components invoke one another using language-level method or function calls. ![]()
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